FELINE ORAL RESORPTIVE LESIONS

 Feline oral resorptive lesions are second only to periodontal disease in incidence of oral disease. They have only been recognized for about the last 40 years, with increasing frequency starting in the 70’s. As of yet, we do not know why they occur, and there are many studies currently being performed to elucidate the cause. What we do know, is that they result from the activation of cells called odontoclasts. These cells are responsible for the normal remodeling of tooth structure. In this disease process, however, they will continue to resorb tooth structure until in some instances the entire tooth is lost. It has been reported that 60% of cats over 6 years of age have at least one, and those that have one usually have more. 

They tend to occur at and just below the gumline, however they may affect only the root structure. The teeth most commonly affected are the premolars, followed by the molars and finally the canines. The majority of the lesions are on the buccal surface (on the outside of the tooth, against the cheek), however you can also see them on the inside. 

These lesions can be excruciatingly painful, especially when they are advanced. If you probe one of the lesions even under general anaesthetic, the cat will react. However, most cats will not show evidence of oral pain, even when the tooth is fractured with an exposed root canal. 

Diagnosis is done by a combination of visual, tactile and radiographic means. The lesions will usually start out as little

 

erosions along the gumline with associated inflammation to the gums in the area. They can progress to large holes in the teeth, and eventually can destroy most of the tooth. In severe cases, the entire crown of the tooth can be lost, with only the roots remaining. These lesions will usually be rough when an explorer is rubbed along the suspected lesion. Dental radiology is used to diagnose lesions under the gumline, to determine the extent of the lesion, as well as to determine if there is any root pathology.

There are three basic methods of therapy for these lesions. These are prophylaxis and fluoride therapy, restoration (filling), and extraction. Some veterinarians feel that all of these teeth should be extracted, no matter how mild the disease since the lesion is almost invariably progressive, and treatment is delaying the inevitable. In addition, as the disease progresses, the lesion will again become painful, and our feline patients don’t tend to show us pain. Other veterinarians feel that almost any of them can be restored (with or without root canal therapy), as it will give the patient at least some time (possibly life) with a functioning, pain free tooth.